The district consists mainly of pre-cambrian base rock, granite and metamorphic rock types. Deposits of gold, iron and bauxite and clay abound in the Bulenga sub-district and in other parts of the district. The rocks offer opportunities for mining and illegal miners called “galamsey” are exploiting them.

The soils are mainly sandy loamy which are very fertile and suitable for the cultivation of tubers, cereals, legumes and livestock.